高考英语疑问词+ever与no matter+ 疑问词
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不论是“疑问代词 + ever ”还是“ 疑问副词 + ever ”，其意义都是“ 不管 / 无论 + 该疑问词的本义”。
1. “疑问代词 + ever”可引导两种类型的从句，即让步状语从句和名词性从句 (主语从句、宾语从句)。
(1)引导让步状语从句。此时 whatever / whoever / whichever 分别等于 “ no matter + what / who / which”。例如：
Whatever happened， he wouldn't say a word. = No matter what happened， he wouldn't say a word.
Whoever says so， it is wrong. = No matter who says so， it is wrong.
Whichever dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars. = No matter which dictionary you (may) take， you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.
注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词 may / might .
(2)引导名词性从句。例如：
Whoever smokes here will be punished. (主语从句)
Beggars will eat whatever they are given. (宾语从句)
Whichever he likes will be given to him. (主语从句)
You may invite whoever / whomever you like. (常用 whoever 代替 whomever)
此时它们都不能换成“ no matter + 疑问词” 的形式，但 whoever 等于 anyone who， whatever 等于 anything that
· . “ 疑问副词 +ever ”： wherever / whenever / however 一般只能引导一种类型的从句，即让步状语从句，此时它们分别等于 “ no matter + where / when / how ”。例如：
Wherever he goes （may go）. I'll follow him. = No matter where he goes （ may go），I'll follow him.
Whenever I wisited him， he was always busy working. = No matter when I visited him， he was always busy working.
However late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. = No matter how late he is， his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
注意：当 however 用作连接副词时也可引导名词性从句，而 whenever/ wherever 则不能引导名词性从句。例如：
I'll give you however much money you need. （宾语从句，此时 however 不能改成 no matter how ）。
3. 另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 与 whenever / wherever / however 分别可相当于 what / which / who 与 when / where / how 的强调式，引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句，与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上 “到底；究竟” 等。例如：
What（ ever） are you doing ？ 你（到底）在干什么？
Which（ ever） do you want to buy ？ 你（究竟）要买哪一个？
Who（ ever） told you such a foolish story ？ （究竟）是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？
When（ ever） can I enjoy a long vacation ？ （究竟）什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？
Where（ ever） did you leave your dictionary ？ 你（究竟）把词典放哪儿了？
How（ ever） did you collect so much money ？ 你（到底）是怎样筹到这么多钱的